Overview of the causes and types of recurrent cystitis

Bacterial cystitis accounts for the majority of urinary tract infection (UTI). It is frequently found in young, otherwise healthy females showing no signs anatomical or physiological defects. Among young women who have experienced an episode acute bacterial cystitis, 25% to 50% develop recurrent episodes. Individuals with episodes a greater susceptibility urogenital colonization uropathogens that thrive by adhering uroepithelial cells. Further, there increased likelihood antibiotic resistant uropathogen due previous antimicrobial therapy recurring infections. At each step pathogenesis, different host genetic, biologic, and behavioral factors, factors interact influence cystitis. Behavioral like sexual intercourse, use spermicidal contraceptives history are major independent risk In post-menopausal without comorbidities, estrogen depletion mainly responsible Certain strain-specific virulence determinants may also contribute providing selective advantage. Phenotypically, categorized as reinfection persistence. Majority cases seen men occur structural functional abnormalities bladder which allows same pathogens from site cause recurrences The concept ‘uncomplicated’ ‘complicated’ used classification cases, similar UTIs. Uncomplicated comprises occurring healthy, nonpregnant women, uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Due unique spectrum host-bacterial interactions tract, distinction between complicated uncomplicated not straightforward. ‘Complicating’ such structural, obstructive, neoplastic, functional, neurological systemic conditions including pregnancy, certain demographic attributed development